Reproductive Cancer Made Simple For NLE NRE Step 1

1. Prostate Cancer

• Location:
  • The prostate gland is located around the urethra and in front of the rectum.
• Most Common Area Affected:
  • The peripheral zone of the prostate is the most common site for prostate cancer.
• Risk:
  • Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in males.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
  • Occurs in the transitional zone of the prostate.
  • Treatment: Alpha-1 antagonists like Tamsulosin are used to treat BPH.
• Symptoms:
  • Lower back pain.
  • Weight loss.
• Lab Tests:
  • PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) > 4 ng/mL indicates a possible prostate cancer.
• Diagnostic Test:
  • USG-guided biopsy is the most accurate method for confirming prostate cancer.
• Grading:
  • The Gleason Grading System is used to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer.
• Imaging for Metastasis:
  • CT scan is used to assess for metastasis.
• Treatment:
  • Chemotherapy or TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) can be performed for treatment.

Here are other materials for NLE NRE step 1

2. Testicular Cancer

• Germ Cell Tumors:
  • 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors.
  • Risk Factors:
    • Cryptorchidism (undescended testis).
    • Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY).
• Non-Germ Cell Tumors:
  • 5% of testicular cancers are non-germ cell tumors.
  • These include Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors.

3. Germ Cell Tumors

4. Non-Germ Cell Tumors